糖心logo官网✅_斗鱼西西_.手.动.输.入.网.址.联.系.客.服.人.员.lanan_shell
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DRAFT FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 8260.RNAVDEP 4/30/97 CIVIL UTILIZATION OF AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) SUBJ: DEPARTURE PROCEDURES 1. PURPOSE. This order, in conjunction with Order 8260.3B, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS), and Order 8260.38A, Civil Utilization of Global Positioning System (GPS), provides criteria for establishing RNAV departures for use by aircraft with slant (/)Gequipment and certified for Required Navigation Performance (RNP) 1.0.
2. DISTRIBUTION. This order is distributed to the Air Traffic Service; the Offices of Airport Safety and Standards; and Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Systems; to the division level in the Flight Standards Service; to the National Flight Procedures Office; and the Regulatory Standards and Compliance Division at the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center; and to the regional Flight Standards divisions.
a. Baseline. A line, perpendicular to the course line at the latest position of the fix displacement tolerance area, used for construction of turn area expansion arcs.
b. Climb-in-hold (CIH). Climbing in holding pattern.
c. Departure Altitude. The departure altitude is an altitude at the end of the departure evaluation area which satisfies the requirements for en route operations.
d. Departure End of Runway (DER). The end of runway declared available for the ground run of an aircraft departure.
e. Distance of Turn Anticipation (DTA). A distance measured from the beginning of the ATRK fix displacement tolerance. Its length is determined by a formula.
f. Fly-By Waypoint. A fly-by waypoint requires the use of turn anticipation to avoid overshoot of the next segment.
g. Fly-Over Waypoint. A fly-over waypoint precludes any turn until the WP is overflown and is followed by an intercept maneuver to the next flight segment.
Distribution: A-W(AT/AS/ND)-1; A-W(FS)-2; AVN-100 (100 cys); AMA-200 (80 cys); A-X(FS)-2 Initiated By : AFS-440 FAA Form 1320-1 (6-80) U.S. GPO: 1992-668-634
h. Initial Climb Area. When a turn waypoint (TWP) is at or with 2 NM of the DER, that area is considered to be an initial climb area.
i. MCA. Minimum Crossing Altitude.
j. MEA. Minimum En Route Altitude.
k. Obstacle Identification Surface (OIS). A 40:1 obstacle identification surface to identify obstacle penetrations.
l. Reference Line. A line parallel to the course line, following a(TWP), used to construct a second set of expansion arcs.
m. Reference Waypoint. A WP of known location used to geodetically compute the location of another WP.
n. Required Navigation Performance (RNP). A statement of the navigation performance accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace. For example, terminal RNP operations are defined as RNP-1, meaning that the navigation system must be able to maintain a total error of +/- 1 NM within a specified tolerance (95% of the time). For a particular RNP value, such as terminal RNP as specified in this order, additional requirements, defining system integrity, continuity, and availability are applied.
o. Turn Anticipation. The capability of RNAV airborne equipment to determine and enunciate to the pilot, the location of the point along a course, prior to a TWP, where a turn should be initiated to provide a smooth path to intercept the succeeding course. www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：CIVIL UTILIZATION OF AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) DEPARTURE PROCED
