国产自拍👅_井川里予每一口都很深情视频_.手.动.输.入.网.址.联.系.客.服.人.员.lanan_shell
Annual Safety Revi ew 2008
Annual Safety Revi ew 2008
Your safety is our mission. Table of Contents executive summary 5 1.0 Introduction 7 1.1. Background 7 1.2. Scope 7 1.3. Content of the report 7 2.0 Historical development of aviation safety 8 3.0 Commercial Air Transport 11 3.1. Aeroplanes 12 3.1.1. Fatal accidents 12 3.1.2. Fatal accident rates 12 3.1.3. Fatal accidents per type of operation 13 3.1.4. Accident categories 15 3.2. Helicopters 16 3.2.1. Fatal accidents 17 3.2.2. Fatal accidents per type of operation 17 3.2.3. Accident categories 18 4.0 General aviation and aerial work, aircraft 21 over 2 250 kg MTOM4.1. Accident categories — General aviation — Aeroplanes 23 4.2. Accident categories — Aerial work — Aeroplanes 24 4.3. Business aviation — Aeroplanes 24 5.0 Ligh t aircraft, aircraft below 2 250 kg MTOM 27 5.1. Fatal Accidents 28 5.2. Accident categories 29 6.0 Ag ency’s safety actions 33 6.1. Standardisation 33 6.2. Certification 34 6.3. Rulemaking 35 6.4. The European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) 38 6.4.1. European Commercial Aviation Safety Team (ECAST) 38 6.4.2. European Helicopter Safety Team (EHEST) 38 6.4.3. European General Aviation Safety Team (EGAST) 39 Appendix 1: General remarks on data collection and quality 40 Appendix 2: Definitions and acronyms 41 Appendix 3: List of figures and tables 43 Appendix 4: Listing of fatal accidents (2008) 45 Acknowledgements 48 Annual Safety Review 2008 Page European aviation safety agency Your safety is our mission. Aviation safety in Europe in the year 2008 was overshadowed by the tragic accident of a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 aircraft in Spain involving 154 fatalities. This was the most severe accident worldwide that year. The safety record shows that the number of fatal accidents in commercial air transport remained at the level of 2007 (three) and is one of the lowest in the decade. In 2008, only 5.5 per cent of all fatal accidents in commercial air transport worldwide occurred with airplanes registered in a Member State of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA MS). Set against the world average, the fatal accident rate of scheduled passenger operations in Europe is low. The number of fatal accidents in helicopter commercial air transport operations in Europe was two, up from one in 2007, but below the ten year average of three. The number of fatal accidents for aerial work and general aviation operations with aeroplanes and helicopters remained relatively stable. ‘Loss of control in flight’ (LOC-I) is the most frequent accident category for this type of operations. Technical issues appear to play a much smaller role. For the third year, the Agency collected accident data for light aircraft (mass below 2 250 kg) from EASA MS. Overall, the number of accidents in 2008 in this category of aircraft was below 2006 and 2007 figures. However, the data received were not complete. The Agency continues to cooperate with EASA MS to further improve harmonisation of data collection and to facilitate data sharing among the states. The Annual safety review also offers an overview of aviation safety measures taken in the different EASA Directorates. The Certification Directorate is responsible for the initial and continuing airworthiness of aeronautical products, parts and appliances. The Rulemaking Directorate is drafting new or amendments to existing regulations to ensure high common aviation safety standards in Europe. In the Standardisation Directorate compliance with these rules is monitored. The European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) saw considerable progress in 2008. The European Commercial Aviation Safety Team launched two working groups on Safety Management Systems (SMS) and Ground Safety. The material developed by the SMS group was published in April 2009. The European Helicopter Safety Team performed an analysis of 186 helicopter accidents working with nine regional analysis teams across Europe and developed suggestions for safety enhancements based on this work. The preliminary report was published in April 2009. The European General Aviation Safety Team performed a survey of general aviation safety initiatives, safety publications and materials to build a European repository and develop work priorities. Please note that this ANNUAL SAF ETY REVI EW covers the period up to the end of www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：Annual Safety Review 2008
