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JAR Private Pilot Studies Phil Croucher About the Author Phil Croucher holds UK and Canadian professional licences for aeroplanes and helicopters and around 7000 hours on 35 types of aircraft, with a considerable operational background and training experience from the computer industry, in which he is equally well qualified. He has at various times been a Chief Pilot, Ops Manager, Training Captain and Type Rating Examiner for several companies. He can be contacted at www.electrocution.com Legal Bit (Small Print) This book is sold as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Neither the Author, the Publisher nor their dealers or distributors assume liability for any alleged or actual damages arising from its use. In other words: This book contains interpretations of official documentation, which changes, so there could be technical inaccuracies. As a result, alterations will be made without reference to anyone, and it's not guaranteed to suit your purposes. The author or publisher, and their distributors or dealers are not responsible for situations arising from its use. Copyrights, etc. This book copyright © 2003 PHIL CROUCHER ISBN 0-9732253-0-0 Notice is hereby given that the name PHILIP ANDREW CROUCHER, in capital letters, or any variation thereof, is claimed by Phil Croucher, which name may not be used without permission. Graphics copyright © Steve Sparrow, Phil Croucher (with help from Corel Corporation). Our staff of Witches, Weird Hags and Assorted Familiars are prepared to cause Visitations of a most Irritating and Embarrassing nature upon anyone foolish enough to copy parts of this work without the permission of the author. Seriously, illegal copying is very, very, naughty! No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or used in any other form than originally supplied, without prior written permission from the author. Updates are available for reduced cost on proof of original purchase. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 17 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT 3 Definitions 3 Airflow 4 The Aerofoil (or Airfoil) 5 Aeroplanes 7 Flight Controls 8 Trim 9 Balance 10 Flaps 10 Other Wing Devices 11 Manoeuvres 11 Taxi 11 Takeoff 12 The Circuit 13 Straight and Level 14 Turns 14 Spiral Dives 16 Climbing 16 Descent 17 Approach & Landing 17 Slipping 18 Stalling 18 Spinning 19 The HASELL Checks 19 Low and Slow 20 Stability 20 Longitudinal Stability 21 ii JAR Private Pilot Studies Lateral Stability 21 Directional Stability 21 Dutch Roll 22 Spiral Stability 22 Forces In Flight 22 Lift 22 Weight 23 Thrust 23 Drag 23 Maximum Range Speed 24 Maximum Endurance Speed 24 Formula 25 Load Factor 25 Propellers 25 Constant Speed Propeller 27 Counterweights 27 The Helicopter 27 Control Orbit 29 Tail Rotor Drift 32 Tail Rotor Roll 32 Tail Rotor Failure 33 Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness 34 Rotor Systems 35 In flight 35 Autorotations 36 Ground Resonance 37 Dynamic Rollover 37 Ground Effect 38 Recirculation 38 Vortex Ring 39 Power 39 Blade Sailing 40 Some Questions 40 Some Answers 40 ENGINES & SYSTEMS 41 Reciprocating Engines 41 Timing 44 The Carburettor 45 Fuel Injection 47 Superchargers 48 Turbochargers 48 Ignition 49 The 4-Stroke (Otto) Cycle 50 Turbines 51 The Inlet 52 The Compressor 52 Table of Contents iii The Combustor 53 The Turbine 54 Jet Fuel 54 FCU 54 FADEC 55 Engine Instruments 55 Engine Handling 55 Lubrication 57 Fuel Supply 59 Hydraulics 59 Undercarriages 60 Transmissions 60 Pneumatics 61 Heating Systems 61 Fire Detection 61 Autopilots, etc 63 Vibrations 63 Aircraft Husbandry 64 INSTRUMENTS 65 Pitch 65 Bank 66 Power 66 Pitot-Static System 67 The Altimeter 67 Airspeed Indicator 69 Vertical Speed Indicator 70 Compass 70 E2B 71 Acceleration Errors 72 Turning Errors 72 The Compass Swing 73 Gyroscopes 73 Artificial Horizon 74 Heading Indicator (DGI) 75 Turn Coordinator 75 A Question 76 An Answer 76 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：JAR.Private.Pilot.Studies
