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Published by DSTO Electronics and Surveillance Research Laboratory PO Box 1500 Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia Telephone: (08) 8259 5555 Fax: (08) 8259 6567 © Commonwealth of Australia 2000 AR-011-554 September 2000 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Towards a Research Methodology for Assessing Army Command Team Performance: A Preliminary Examination Executive Summary Military command teams are currently being provided with digital support tools that automate information management processes and provide access to an increased level of information. The introduction of these systems into what was a manual process has the potential for significant impact on team processes. Research on aviation and naval command team performance suggests that not all aspects of digitisation improve performance. This creates a requirement for the development of techniques that identify and delineate the teamwork and the taskwork processes in Army Command and Control. Taskwork consists of behaviours that are performed by team members and are critical to the execution of team member functions. Teamwork, in contrast, consists of behaviours that are related to team member interactions, and are necessary to establish coordination among the team members to achieve goals. This report presents observational methodologies that are being developed to collect behavioural data on team processes in Army HQ. This report describes this approach, and presents a sample of data that can be generated using these methods. The techniques have been applied to observations within the Australian Army to determine their usefulness, and to collect empirical data on the information flow among the team, the team dynamics, the task characteristics, and the overall workload. A strength of this approach is that it can be applied at any level of HQ, and at different intensities and tempos. It also provides indices of performance that can be correlated with other outcome measures, as well as implications for decision support system design based on functional accounts of behaviour.
Authors Vanessa Mills Land Operations Division Vanessa Mills graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Honours in Psychology. Vanessa has since worked at the University of Adelaide, Department of Psychology, lecturing in the areas of Learning, Environmental Psychology, and Animal Behaviour. She completed her PhD in 1998, and in 1999 joined the Department of Defence. Vanessa is currently involved with the Optimising C4ISR Systems Integration Task. She is also involved with collaborative research on naturalistic decision making at the Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide. Vanessa is employed as a Research Scientist within the Human Systems Integration discipline. ____________________ ________________________________________________ Christina Stothard Land Operations Division Christina Stothard graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1991 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and Honours in Psychology. Christina has since worked at the University of Adelaide at the Departments of Community Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Psychiatry, as well as the University of South Australia in the School of Social Science. In 1998 Christina joined the Department of Defence and has had a key role in developing performance measures of operational Army headquarters, and reviewing the problems of introducing digital systems into a workplace. As part of the C2 team evaluating the operation of the BCSS in the Army she has interviewed 1 Brigade (Darwin), 7 Brigade (Brisbane) and 9 Brigade (Adelaide). Christina is currently employed as a Professional Officer with the Human Systems Integration discipline, and tasked to Optimising C4ISR Systems Integration Task. ____________________ ________________________________________________
DSTO-TR-1034 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Human Factors Problems In Military Command Teams .................................. 1 1.2 Towards a Research Methodology in Army C2 .................................................. 1 1.3 Defining the Team Performance............................................................................ 2 1.4 Observational Methods ........................................................................................... 3 1.5 Towards a Predictive Model of Performance: The Behaviour Systems Approach ................................................................................................................... 4 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：航空资料30
