国产自拍👅_成人之美的意思是什么_.手.动.输.入.网.址.联.系.客.服.人.员.lanan_shell
CHAPTER III WHY USING ALUMINIUM 15 EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION Aluminium reduces dead vehicle weight. When transporting highdensity freight, which usually saturates the maximum gross vehicle weight, aluminium allows the loading of more goods. This translates into additional income and/or better competitiveness. Furthermore, used aluminium vehicles have a lot of success on the second, and even third hand market, where they are usually sold for a very good price. Finally, when they have reached the end of their long service life they still have a high scrap value. This is due to the fact that aluminium is easily recycled, without losing any of its quality and saving 95% of the primary energy input. Make your own payback calculation on www.alutransport.org and have a look at the example beside. 1. Short pay-back 1.1. Increased payload + Higher residual value = Additional incomes A study conducted by the IFEU1 in cooperation with the TU-Graz2 concluded that 1 ton saved on the total weight of an articulated truck leads to a fuel saving of 0.6 litres /100 km. This saving occurs during trips made below the maximum gross vehicle weight, i.e. when transporting low-density goods, for partly loaded or empty trips. Aluminium’s well-known corrosion resistance is an obvious advantage in road transport: It contributes to a long service life, especially in vehicles which work in conditions that can cause serious corrosion problems. No painting or other surface protection is required and it is easy to clean. Maintenance is therefore kept to a minimum. 1.2. Fuel saving + long life + reduced maintenance = Cost savings 1.3. Make your own calculation on www.alutransport.org 1. Institut für Energie und Umwelt Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany 2. Technical University of Graz, Austria 16 ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER III WHY USING ALUMINIUM 16 | 17 1.4. Coping with road tolls According to the “user pays” principle, an increasing number of countries are introducing road tolls that increase cost per kilometre. On the other hand, increasing payload with aluminium allows spreading this extra cost over a bigger tonnage of goods. In countries where road toll is limited to the heaviest vehicle category, “mini-semi-trailers” are built using a substantial amount of aluminium allowing the operator to keep a good payload while not exceeding the weight limit where a toll is applicable. 1.5. Reduced risk of work accident Mobile parts that are manipulated at each delivery, like dropside walls or rear doors, are lighter to move when made out of aluminium. This saves a lot of effort for the drivers. Using extrusions with rounded edges or folded sheets with round corners for the floors of box vans reduces the risk of injuries. Mini-trailer (Tang Fahrzeugbau GmbH) Road toll station 17 EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION Aluminium alloys used in commercial vehicles have strengthto- weight and stiffness-toweight ratios comparable with the most advanced metals like high strength steel and titanium. These properties, among many others, are taken into account when designing a vehicle. No weight saving can be obtained with aluminium if the design is simply copied from steel. Designs optimised for aluminium are based on specific sections (20 to 40% higher beams), smooth transitions and clever joints, which normally give 40-60% weight saving over competing metals, as explained below. To illustrate the upper and the lower limits of aluminium lightweighting, let’s analyze two extreme equivalence philosophies “equal strength” and “equal stiffness” to traditional chassis beam. 2. Aluminium performance properties 2.1. High strength-to-weight and high stiffness-to-weight ratios Comparison of weight-optimised designs made with 3 different metals and 2 design criteria EQUAL STRENGTH Standard High strength Aluminium steel steel alloy Strength 1 = 1 = 1 Stiffness 1 > 0.30 < 0.56 Weight 1 > 0.71 > 0.42 Section height 1 > 0.65 < 1.18 EQUAL STIFFNESS Standard High strength Aluminium steel steel alloy Strength 1 < 2.17 > 1.54 Stiffness 1 = 1 = 1 Weight 1 = 1 > 0.55 Section height 1 = 1 < 1.40 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：航空资料25
