深夜福利✅_国产Sm变态榨精一区二区在线_.手.动.输.入.网.址.联.系.客.服.人.员.lanan_shell
CAAP 178-1(1) Non-Precision Approaches References . AIP Australia
. Regulation 178 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR)
. CASR Part 173 Instrument Flight Procedure Design
. CASR Part 139 Aerodromes
. ICAO Procedures for Air Navigation — Air Operations DOC 8168-OPS/611 Volume 1 – Flight Procedures
. ICAO Procedures for Air Navigation — Air Operations DOC 8168-OPS/611 Volume II – Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures
. CAAP 89P–1 Non-precision approach runways – Aerodrome standards considerations
. CAAP 179A – 1 Guidelines for Navigation using GNSS
Who this CAAP is intended to assist . Pilots and operators of aircraft using non-precision approach procedures (NPA)
. Individuals and organisations conducting flight crew training
. Aerodrome operators
Why this CAAP was written . The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance on the conduct of NPAs and compile the relevant requirements, standards and practices in one document
. This publication also provides information on changes to NPA design and charting
Status of this CAAP This is the second issue of CAAP 178-1. For further information For further information contact your local CASA office or CASA Operations and Flight Crew Licensing Standards, Canberra.
Civil Aviation Advisory Publication October 2004 This publication is advisory only. It consolidates information on the relevant regulatory requirements relating to the subject for ease of reference. It is intended to aid in the understanding of and compliance with regulatory requirements. Always read this advice in conjunction with the appropriate regulations.
Contents... Abbreviations 2 1. Introduction 3 2. General 4 3. Runway approaches 7 4. Circling approaches 10 5. DME or GPS Arrivals 11 6. The visual segment 13 7. Helicopter procedures 17
ABBREVIATIONS AGL Above ground level AMSL Above mean sea level APV Approach with Vertical Guidance AWIB Automatic Weather Information Broadcast AWS Automatic Weather Stations CAR Civil Aviation Regulation 1988 CASR Civil Aviation Safety Regulation 1998 CFIT Controlled flight into terrain DA Decision altitude DAP Departure and approach procedures DH Decision height DME Distance Measuring equipment EMS Emergency Medical Service GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System GPS Global Positioning System HLS Helicopter landing site IAL Instrument approach & landing chart IAP Instrument approach plate ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：非精密进近 Non-Precision Approaches Civil Aviation Advisory Publication October 2004 CAAP 178-1(1)
